What is Intelligence?

08-01-2025

Intelligence is a broad concept that includes the ability to learn, solve problems, and adapt to the environment. It involves cognitive processes and mental functions that help individuals succeed in different areas of life.

Psychologists have studied intelligence from various perspectives. For example, the educational approach sees it as a result of structured learning, while the genetic approach links it to natural adaptation to challenges. The sociocultural approach highlights the role of culture and society, and the regulatory approach focuses on intelligence as a tool for self-control and decision-making.

Over time, theories about intelligence have expanded. In 1983, Howard Gardner introduced the idea of "multiple intelligences," which includes skills like interpersonal and spatial reasoning. Later, in the 1990s, emotional intelligence (EQ) gained attention. This concept, developed by John Mayer and Peter Salovey, is about understanding and managing emotions. Daniel Goleman popularized EQ with his 1995 book Emotional Intelligence, emphasizing its role in success, especially in the workplace.

IQ tests were first created in the early 20th century to measure mental abilities. Wilhelm Stern introduced the term "IQ" in 1912. Since then, many tools have been developed to assess intellectual and creative potential. Today, intelligence testing remains an important way to understand mental strengths and abilities.

When taking an intelligence or cognitive test, it’s important to choose a quiet environment without distractions like noise or bright objects. Turning off electronic devices and following instructions carefully can help ensure better results.

These tests continue to offer valuable insights into human potential, helping individuals and organizations achieve their goals.